Henry Ford :: essays research papers

The Success of a ManTo say that Henry Ford dilly-dallied around before last establishing a serious cable car company would be invalid. The 40 year old man had been acquiring valuable knowledge regarding business, engines, management, and most importantly cars. straightaway it was beat to take a leap of faith.In 1903 the Ford Motor Company came to be. Ford, on with other investors including John and Horace Dodge raised $28,000 and in the graduation 15 months produced 1700 theoretical account A cars. These cars were known for their reliability, yet were still too expensive for the average American. Over the next five years Ford and his engineers produced models with the garner B through S, the most successful of which was the Model N (priced at $500) , and the least successful was the Model K (priced at $2500). It was obvious from the Model N that the key to the companies success lay in inexpensive cars for a mass market. The answer that Ford and the American consumer were loo king for was the Model T.The Model T, a small, tough four-cylinder car with an attractive design and a top speed of 45 mph, hit the market in 1908. It&8217s success came from it&8217s attractive price, at $850, and more than 10,000 were sold in the first year alone. It was easy to operate, maintain, handle on rough roads, and immediately became a success. Along with success came expansion, and in 1910 he established another assembly plant in Highland Park, Michigan. Through interchangeable parts, standard manufacturing, and a division labor, the demand greatly increased for the Model T. It was at this time in 1913 that Ford introduced the assembly line and forever changed our economy, our industry, and our culture.Ford&8217s concept of an assembly line sprang from the thought that a car could be produced much quicker if each person did one, single task. He applied this in his Highland Park plant, and cut down production time of one Model T to a fraction on the time. The carefully t imed pace of a conveyer belt moving the parts along further speeded the process. With these new tactics, a factory could produce 40%-60% more cars per month. By late 1913 he had established assembly plants in Canada, Europe, Australia, South America, and Japan. At this point, the Ford Motor Company was the largest manufacturer of cars in the world.

To Resurrect a Ghost Essay -- Philosophy Dualism Papers

To Resurrect a GhostCartesian dualism has largely been replaced by empirical theories of the discernment. Central to this development is Gilbert Ryles literary criticism of an immaterial refinement inhabiting the material machine of the body. A metaphysical self is incredible, and even if it is credible, both it and its manifestation in phenomenal experience are unknowable by others. hardship of this approach occurs when it is realized that existence of the physical is just as incredible as existence of the metaphysical. Free will is also inconceivable without the assumption of a metaphysical self, it being the ghost in the machine after all. As for consciousness, it is presupposed by the empirical. What counts as physical manifestations of mind are the effects or causes of phenomenal experience. Without this criterion the individual is a unity, it being impossible to separate the psychological since effectively it encompasses every aspect of the individual. Additionally, it is in phenomenal experience that the empirical is observed, and expression is the basis of empirical verification. To advocate the scientific method of intersubjective verification while denying the existence or significance of the phenomenal is inconsistent. At root, the mental attributes are ontologically distinct. control to only one ontological substance, empiricists either redefine or exclude troublesome attributes, commiting the error of confusing distinct kinds of substances. Dualism can accommodate all of the properties of mind in a single coherent theory by acknowledging these kinds of substances.IPerhaps the most influential recent philosopher of mind is Gilbert Ryle. Beginning with his criticism of Cartesian dualism, empiricism has come to dominate cu... ...f causal sequences. There is no precise point in a chain of events beyond which is to go besides far. All things in experience being contingent, a condition for their existence is presupposed. This condition in turn can always be understood as the real thing since it is more basic. Acceptance of this is mistaken because the condition for it can now be understood as the real thing and so on. With no way of avoiding this process, resolution is possible only by simply understanding mind as some one alternative. All concepts being potentially infinite, their effect is circumscribed by denomination in order to avoid indeterminacy. Each constituent conceptualization composes an autonomous representation of mind in this way, a opposite way of considering it. As such every one individually is a sufficient condition for the whole, mind being conceivable in terms of every one.

Building Of Dwelling Houses In Estonia :: essays research papers

Building of Dwelling Houses in EstoniaNot wanting to analyze the building of dwelling houses in Estonia inefficientlyand seemingly scientifically (where would I have got competent statistics from),I simply try to express the thoughts which are connected with that topicssomehow and have come into my mind. What kind of scientific analytic thinking it couldbe or who should make it, if even the architectural critics seem non to managewith the simplest things. That reminds me an article in the EE some time ago nigh a Finnish lady (naturally in Finland) completing or taking her doctorsdegree. She was examining Finnish post-war modern house, its morphology, thestructure of the Finnish family, the connections between them and makingconclusions which extend to this day. Those observations approximately architecture weremuch more smarter than those that the most of self-confident architects could do.Unfortunately it has to be confessed that I dont remember such a research workor sentiments in Estonian science, but no doubt, they could be necessary. Thetypology of the houses used by most of the architects goes back to the livingmodel of the middle class at the end of the nineteenth century. That model wasidealized and carried on through a hundred of years up to the end of thiscentury. No doubt that our living style is changing reiterate banalitiesparadigm changes as well as the composition and make-up of the family. Therewas a news in a newspaper about Estonia which declared that 50 % of the childrenare illegitimate (it is possible, of course, that some parents live togetherwithout getting married officially) and 12,5 % of the born children know nothingabout their fathers. The living with grandparents is not so democratic any more.(As to the models of living it is worth of observing what has happened in North-America though some europercentage followers dont accept that it may happenthat we will be on the same development level soon. In that country the grown-upc hildren dont want to live with their fathers and mothers, at leaststatistically). Even such an every day activity as cooking is changingessentially. An apartment or house is not a small production unit with itsstorages, kitchen and dining room any more. The kitchen can be as presentable asthe dining room, also the furniture and the quality of the activities, they canbecome more melted. There are some theorists who admit that not only eating butwashing procedures as well will leave the house to so-called town-social level.

Disciplinary Spanking Is Not Child Abuse Essay -- Effective Use of Cor

Child abuse is an issue within society that effects the lives of not only the victims nevertheless too the lives of many people in the social order. Child abuse is any mistreatment or neglect of a child that results in non-accidental smirch or harm and which cannot be logically explained. There are several forms of abuse and neglect and many state governments have developed their own legal explanation of what constitutes child maltreatment for the purposes of removing a child and prosecuting a criminal charge. Child abuse consists of different forms of harm including tangible, emotional, sexual, and neglect.Physical abuse is any non-accidental physical injury to a child. Physical abuse is an injury that results from physical aggression. Types of physical abuse can consist of beating, whipping, hitting, pinching, biting, or spanking. raffish is the most used, traditional form of physical punishment, consisting in a beating applied on the buttocks. It involves striking the but tocks repeatedly, usually as a physical punishment, with an open hand. Spanking can also be implemented including belts, whips, rods, paddles, or any opposite household item. Educators and fires usually administer spankings to children. Spanking usually refers to a child lying, stomach down, across the educators wash off and the parent or teacher repeatedly swatting the childs backside.The issue of spanking is whether it is justifiable or an act of child abuse. Some child specialists, such as Christine Walsh and Michael Boyle, surround that if a parent must administer a spanking, it should not be through anger and only as a last option when new(prenominal) forms of discipline have been deemed unsuccessful. They say that for a spanking to be instructive it must be... ...their child while obviously angered, that emotion is likely to be very(prenominal) noticeable to the child. Unfortunately, that anger is all too likely to become attached to the punishment, resulting in th e unwanted link of mad parent = pain. A serene, calm parent is very much less likely to turn out to be an active part of the negative memory. Obviously, this is completely up to the judgment of the parent, but I have a tendency to concur that not only is spanking less likely to be abused if lightly applied, but also it maintains a better influence when it is applied. I would declare only when there clearly doesnt seem to be any other way of getting through to the child. Spanking is unquestionably not the only effective punishment, and perhaps not even the best, nevertheless I consider it to be effective, when applied carefully, in relation with other teaching mechanisms.

A Speakers Reflections Essay -- essays research papers

A Speakers ReflectionsRobert Haydens poem Those Winter Sundays is a reflection the speaker has regarding his father. An analysis of the poems tone and language reveals the speaker regrets his father did so much for the family and no one ever thanked him. It is obvious the speaker feels regret for the way he behaved toward his father in the past by examining the phrases in the poem, particularly with the description of the father. The connotations of the language used in this description denote the father in a certain way that the speaker did not see him as before. The tone and feeling of regret or sorrow is evident in the poem not only through language and word choice on the literal surface, but also in the structure of the poem itself. The poem indicates the father as hardworking by his description. The speaker reveals the father has cracked hands that ached from labor and that Sundays too he got up early to start a fire and cranky the house. As if this gesture is not enough, Hed call to his family when the rooms were warm so they would not have to endure the blueblack cold of a spend morning. The poem also indicates the father doing other chores, such as polishing my good shoes. This description of the father is moving, it show he loves his family and is thoughtful enough to do the chores no one else would want to do. The word choice for this description is very interesting, howe...

Luciano and The XTERMINATOR Crew :: Essays Papers

Luciano and The XTERMINATOR Crew The XTERMINATOR commemorate came to be in 1987 when Vena Recordings changed its name to Kings & Lions. This name remained for a few years in the middle of the 1980s and then was changed again to Exterminator. In time Exterminator records dropped theEfrom the title to leave the present day label, XTERMINATOR. PhillipFattisBurrell is the producer of XTERMINATOR records and is responsible for the success the label has seen thus far. All musicians that have worked withFattishave spoken very highly of him and his dedication to the production of reggae music.The seriousness and zeal that Fattis has is so compatible to mine that we tress in tandem like a sculling boat team,said Luciano after working withFatison his hit songIts Me Again Jah. TheXTERMINATOR Familyconsists of Luciano, Mikey General, Sizzla, doyen Fraser, and the fire station Family (which consists of ex-Third World guitarist, StevenCatCoore, multi-instrumentalist DonaldDannyDennis, keyboardis t Robbie Lyn and master drummer Sly Dunbar). Thisfamilytours together, with Luciano as the headliner and Mikey General and Sizzla opening the show. Dean Fraser plays the saxophone (the third best in the world as of last year) and sings back up vocals. While the Firehouse crew provides the backing for the vocals. It is not hard to see why the XTERMINATOR label has been so successful in the last few years. Since the early 1990s the XTERMINATOR label has been recruiting new talents for their label with fire and compassion.Fattisis not afraid to work with young artists who show raw talent and potential. This is the primary reason that he and the XTERMINATOR label have seen such a jump in popularity and profits in the early to mid 1990s. Also with Dean Fraser as the Musical Director of XTERMINATOR Records a small load was lifted offFattissshoulders. (1. Barrow, Steve)Jepther McClymont (Luciano) born December 20, 1964 was raised in Davey Town in the parish of Manchester, Jamaica. His su ffer being musically inclined had built his own guitar and used to play it frequently. Jepther took a liking to his fathers guitar and began to learn how to play the instrument. His father left his mother and his octette other siblings to fend for themselves when he was a mere eleven years of age. Jepthers first public singing came in a local church quire at quite a young age. His mother had no trade to earn them money, but they survived as best they could.

Construction Management Essay

a.(1)Stanleys focus is on maximizing cyberspaces. This is the correct last because the goal of anyfirm, and therefore its monetary manager, should be to maximize its value and by extensionthe wealth of the shareholders.(2) there is potential for an agency problem if Stanley decides to go ahead and invest in thesoftware developer. This investment go away cause a temporary decrease in the earnings per share (EPS) of the firm which will mean fewer earnings at the present term for thestakeholders. This may be a problem if the goal of the shareholders is to gain moneysooner than later. However, it the goal of the shareholders is simply to maximize wealth,there may not be an agency problem since the goal of the financial manager, Stanley, is the same as the shareholders.b. Since there is no preferred stock Earnings available for prevalent stockholders= Net Profit After Taxes No of shares of common stock outstanding = 50 000EPS = NPAT/ no. of shares of common stock outstandingEPS show a steady increase oer the past five days indicating that Stanley is achieving hisgoal of maximizing profits.c. OperatingCash Flow(OCF) for 2012OCF = Earnings Before Interest and Taxes(1 Tax rate) + Depreciation OCF = EBIT (1 T) + Depreciation= $89 000 (1 0.20) + $11 000= $82 200 disengage Cash Flow (FCF) for 2012FCF = OCF1 Net Fixed Assets Investments Net Current Assets Investment FCF = OCF NFAI NCAINFAI = Change in net fixed assets + Depreciation= ($132 000 $128 000) + $11000 = $15 000NCAI = Chance in current assets Change in (Accounts Payable + Accruals) = ($421 000 $62 000) ($136 000 + $27 000) ($126 000 + $25 000)=$47 000 FCF = $82 200 $15 000 $47 000= $20 200 two the run cash flow and the free cash flow are positive indicating that Stanley wasable to generate adequate cash flow to cover both operating expenses and investments inassets. There was also $20 200 left over to pay to investors.a.(1) Upon what financial goal does Stanley seem to be focusing? Is it the c orrect goal? wherefore or why not? Stanley seems to be focusing on profit maximization, in an other(a) word the EPS performance. It is not the correct goal, as profits do not necessarily result in cash flows available to the stockholders, only when earnings increases are accompanied by increased future cash flows would a higher stock price be expected, therefore the stockholders wealth would be maximized.(2) Could a potential agency problem exist in this firm? Explain. There is a potential agency problem exist in this firm. First of only, he owns only 40% of the firm, but he manages actively all aspects of its activities and the other stockholders are not active in management of the firm, so he is an agent of the other owners. Secondly he is reluctant to take more than apply risk, which might jeopardize his goal of profit maximization and reduce his personal wealth, so there is a conflict between owner wealth maximization and his personal goals.Scri Bd(a)Upon what financial goal does Stanley seem to be focusing? Is it the correct goal? Why or Why not? The financial goal that Stanley seems to be focusing on is maximizing the profitability of cross Software Inc. which is apparent in divisions 1997 to 2003 increases in net profit from ($50,000) to $48,000 respectively. His financial goal of profit maximization was also evident in his hesitance to hire a software developer because this would result in a salary cash outflow of $80,000 per year and lower the Earnings Per Share(EPS) in years to come.Par(1)Stanley is focusing on maximizing profit, as shown by the increase in net profits over theperiod1997 to 2003. His dilemma about adding the software designer, which would depress earnings for the near term, also demonstrates his emphasis on this goal .Maximizing wealth should be the correct goal for a financial manager. Wealth maximization takes a long-term perspective and also considers risk and cash flows .Profits maximization does not integrate these three f actors (cash flow, timing, risk) in the termination process(2) An agency problem exists when managers place personal goals ahead of corporate goals. Since Stanley owns 40% of the outstanding equity, it is unlikely that an agency problem would arise at Track SoftwareA.Maximization of shareholder wealth, which means maximization of share price,should be theprimary goal of the firm. Unlike profit maximization, this goalconsiders timing, cash flows, andrisk. It also reflects the worth of the ownersinvestment in the firm at any time. It is the value theycan realize should theydecide to sell their shares.B.Yes, there appears to be an agency problem. Although compensation for management is tied toprofits, it is not directly link up to share price. In addition,managements actions with regard topollution controls suggest aprofitmaximization focus, which would maximize their earnings,rather than an attemptto maximize share priceEco Plastics Company ECO PlasticsEstablished in 2000, ECO Plast ics Ltd is the UKs prima(p) and highest quality plastic bottle recycler producing plastics for soft drinks and milk bottles.ChallengeIn March 2011, the guild signed a ten-year joint venture deal, a starting line in the UK drinks manufacturing industry, to supply the global enterprise with high quality food-grade recycled material (rPET). In order to achieve Coca-Colas target of including 25% rPET in all plastic packaging within Great Britain by 2012, ECO Plastics needed to open their premises. Jonathan Short, Managing Director of ECO Plastics Ltd said, We were thrilled to sign the joint venture deal with a company of the calibre of Coca-Cola and begin the next important step for our business. All we needed to do was secure the additional capital required to expand our premises and stock certificate our operations.SolutionECO Plastics approached a number of finance providers but found that due to the economic climate, lending was restricted. It was difficult at first to find the financial endorse we needed to expand our business and meet the needs of our exciting venture with Coca-Cola, said Mr. Short. We approached Close Brothers and discussed a structured finance solution, tailored to meet our particular proposition business requirements. The deal was primarily a leasing contract, secured against our existing assets which incorporated invoice finance to fund our operations during the expansion.ResultThe combined asset-based financial platform of 18million provided by Close Brothers Invoice Finance and Close Brothers Leasing supported the construction and operation of the expansion to ECO Plastics processing plant, which completed in 2012. Without Close Brothers, we would have been unable to set up our agreement with Coca-Cola which would have not only been devastating to our business, but to the industry as a whole, said Mr. Short. Working with Close Brothers has afforded us with the opportunity to expand our business and realise our true growth potent ial as we continue towork toward becoming the world-leader in sustainable packaging.

Local Literature of Sales Inventory System Essay

Computerize sales and inventory systemComputers began from a wild imaginative idea to the universe of discourses highly prioritized tool. Computers today are immediately used as a substitute to manual processes and other past inventions like the radio, television, etcetera It is now used by people for much simpler, easier and faster way to do things. Some used it as a hobby, and some use it as a job. Technology has never stopped from advancing through with(predicate) the years. Its new innovations helps answer the peoples further complex questions. Why not use these advantages to pull ahead ourselves?Many people use computers in their daily lives. Some use it for transactions, some use it for educational purposes and others use it for data storage. Though it might penetrate unnecessary but in some cases when storing a file for such a big company, can you manage it properly? Organizing, finding a file, etc. With computers, it can help you simplify the process of storing and mana ging the files you need for future use and make finding files easier than the manual process.A Proposed Sales and Inventory SystemIn business like merchandising, Sales and Inventory system plays an important role. It is used to track all the transactions made by the business and responsible for monitor the items supplies. All the business transactions must be properly recorded and must be fully secured by password. A Computerized system is the best solution and most innovative answer for their needs.The researchers had been motivated to do a study on this topic according to the above observation. The result may help others to find more about computer-generated data processing, especially on how to deal with computers in terms of speed, accuracy and data security.Monitoring the transactions and other significant reading regarding the customer is the main awe of this study. Also covered in the study are saving of information and transaction records with the customers.The Sales and Inventory System is concern with the processing of the transactions of the customers and owner and saving the sales records at the same time. These saved records area filed and stored for future use. This computerized system is important to a company because through it, the owner can easily assist the customers and store data safely. And also the monitoring of stocks is the most important part of this system.

The Evolution of Sales Models in the Indian Pharma Industry

The Evolution of Sales Models in the Indian Pharma Industry By AmArdeep Udeshi, engAgement mAnAger, ims ConsUlting groUp And mohit BAhri, ConsUltAnt, ims ConsUlting groUp Dear colleagues, We be proud to vex to you the outcome of a unique initiative jointly undertaken by OPPI and IMS Consulting host (IMSCG). As fracture of the OPPI delegation on Sales campaign Excellence (SFE), a decision was taken in conclusion year to understand the prevailing practices and emerging tr extirpates with respect to Sale Forces, aimed at driving SFE across the Indian Pharma manufacturing.As part of this take apart, OPPI and IMS Health undertook a survey amongst primeval senior f bement military force, wherein information was captured related to gross revenue force social systems, the principle behind their set ups and the challenges faced therein. 14 companies responded to this survey. What is presented here is a brief glimpse of the findings of this survey, within the context of changing gross gross revenue poseurs in the Indian pharmaceutical company industry. Supporting this data are insights provided by IMS Consulting Group based on their expertise and knowledge of the industry and its changing dynamics along with inputs from other industry experts associated with OPPI.What this paper attempts to do is to showcase how sales lessons are being, and allow continue to be, reinvented and redesigned across the Indian pharma commercializeplace landscape in the years to come. We do hope you find this article and the line of lineage as interesting as we found it to be while bringing this paper to you. Thank you, Tapan Ray Director General OPPI Ram Kalyana Country Principal, India IMS Consulting Group 2 the provided ConstAnt is ChAnge itself The ever changing face of the Indian pharma industry and its ability to adapt innovationally has reinforced the fact that variation is the only way to survive.With every passing decade, a naked as a jaybird commercial cha llenge has emerged which in-turn has provided the industry with an opportwholey to ride the waves to reach in the rawer heights. An annual turn all over of Rs 600 Bn with a CAGR in excess of 15% is a testimony to the fact that key players defend emerged, winning over time. With time, newer and innovative commercial approaches have been adopted and implemented, thereof demonstrating that the companies have adapted themselves to the fluidic nature of the Indian pharma market. As Fig. below indicates, following the announcement of a formal patent structure in 1995, Indian players started gearing up for the product patent regime. During this time, a transition from conservative sales models to ag- gressive and innovative sales models was observed. Companies geared up their R&D efforts to take over the product patent criteria, and undertook an aggressive expansion in early 2000s from a gradual ramp up of portfolio and sales force in late 90s. So aggressive was the portfolio expansion , that the average number of new brands launch amplificationd from nearly 700/year in the late 1990s to 2,500/year betwixt 2000 and 2005.At the same time, companies spread out their sales forces aggressively in attempts to reach out to the geographical corners of the country, including inelegant markets in the late 2000s. In a bid to increase revenue further, innovators industrious in co-promotion of their patented products and out-licensing. At the same time, with limited options to expand portfolio and near saturation in the top cities in India, companies started adopting newer commercial models and sales force structures ( comparable confinement forces, therapy experts, primaeval Account Manager structure, Contracted Sales Operations, etc. to to a greater extent efficiently target the market. Figure 1 Changing Sales Dynamics in the Indian Pharma Industry Announcement of patent regime massive restructuring and scale up product patent implemented shrinking pipeline and ro tate of pharmerging markets Companies start gearing up for expansion sf and portfolio ramp up Avg new products launched/yr 650-700 started investments in r&d rapid adoption of business unit structure expansion to extra-urban geographies offspring of newer sales model like occupationforce, therapy experts Co-promotion/licensing agreements kicked in rise of organized retail vents likely to impact incoming sales models wellness damages policy govt. adopting health security measures for certain sections of society gst regime Aggresive portfolio & sales force expansion, 2,500 new products launched/yr gradual adoption of business unit structure mnCs entering india and also launching global portfolio 1995-2000 Source IMS intelligence 2000-2005 2005-2010 emergence of new stakeholders, sales channels likely adoption of newer sales model like channel swayment, KAm, Cso, etc 2010 and beyond Future 3 Companies who aggressively ramped-up were able to (See Fig. below) shows t hat these initiatives have maintain their bottom line, thus indicating that these proved to be fruitful and provided healthy bottom strategies paid off. A Top-level financial assessment lines. Figure 2 Profitability trends Key companies MNCs 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 40% 35% 30% Indian Companies operating profit % 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% -5% -10% 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 novartis Astra merck Abbott pfizer Aventis ranbaxy glenmark drl cheerfulness pharma CiplA % operating profit = operating profit/ operating income source www. m unmatchabley. rediff. comHowever, in an ever changing market environment, the drive up efficiencies, be it with streamlining operasustainability of these models in terms of profitability tions, adapting their sales model to market realties, or requirements to be carefully considered. Hence, its imperative enhancing efficacy of initiatives. for the industry to liveliness within for the opportunities to As an industry execu tive says, We moved from a Sales and Marketing structure to a Business Unit structure to bring more nebability, consider evolving business needs and use equity of organization for reaching to the middle of the accessible pyramid.We have also created a horizontal strategic truth squad across these BUs for process evaluation. Another industry executive mentioned that adopting specialized field forces to nurture super-specialty products, using a traditional field In a survey jointly undertaken by IMSCG and OPPI force to promote other less specialized products, and a CSO amongst leading companies related to sales practices (Contracted Sales Operations) model for rural geographies and models, it was observed that nearly 80% responded has worked well for them.Thus, the industry has seen an to having changed their sales model at least once in the adoption of multiple kinds of sales forces an improvelast 5 years. Nearly 80% of the companies contacted ment over having a traditional sa les force only model. by IMS have already adopted multiple business unit models, with or without additional specific task forces While most of the companies have adopted this Business with the number of business units ranging from 2 to Unit structure, a few pushed further ahead by adopting newer innovative promotional models like diligent activa10, depending on portfolio width. ion teams, therapy specialists, or creating patient awareness done mass media. trustworthy gross sales models The sales force continues to be the biggest promotional investment for pharma players. Industry has acquired around making most use of this resource and has adopted innovative commercial models, from sales and marketing structure to business unit structure to specialized task forces, as per their needs often proactively adapting existing sales models to market realities 4 As seen in Fig. below, while key determinants of the and target doctor specialty, a few companies have also sales force struc ture are therapy centralize, portfolio width, aligned their models around geographies and profitability. Figure 3 therapy focus portfolio (number of brands) specialty focus nature of product (otC/hospital based) geography focus stage in emotional statecycle of the portfolio mess up of different profibility brands realignment of brands due to merger/acquisition 0 2 4 5. 5 6 8 7. 2 6. 9 6. 9 6. 7 9. 2 8. 9 8. 7 10A few of the models seen in the pharma industry (see Fig. 4 below) are therApy foCUs promotion in the main seen where a portfolio is specialized, therapy focused, and scripts are driven done chosen few doctors generally in chronic segment. ChAnnel mAnAgement Mostly in OTC /OTX business mature products with wider portfolio width. hospitAl tAsKforCe Exclusively to manage hospital business. speCiAlty driven sAles model Applicable in scenarios where portfolio is built around 2 or 3 specialties. tAsK forCe Generally adopted for niche products in urban areas, such as ferti lity clinics or for new launches where the focus is on select top rung physicians only. oUt-soUrCed sAles forCe Generally used for expansion in extra-urban geographies or with companies for whom medico-marketing is secondary (such as OTC or Consumer Healthcare companies). Figure 4 Newer Sales Force Models adopted task-force institutional sales force Channel sales multiple BU sales force therapy focus specialty focus Acute vs chronic focus geography focus others Urban GeographyUrban + lower town classes therapy experts rural superspecialty focus/ niche hospital focus distributor sales force otC rural sales force (owned / outsourced) multispecialty broad portfolio Portfolio non-exhaustive indicative overview of indian pharma sales models 5 Different companies have adopted different strategies, but the key intellect cited for adapting these changes remains the same to provide better customer focus and targeting, enhance efficiencies, facilitate expansion to newer business areas (both therapies and geographies), and increase accountability of the resources.One of the executives surveyed said, We created multiple structures to expand reporting to new markets and therapy areas in line with growth expectation, support new launches, and strengthen key markets & institutional sales. For specialty products driven companies, task forces account for nearly 15% of the total sales force. Key determinants of adapting these models are therapy focus, width of product portfolio and target doctor specialties.Interestingly, responses of those companies having mature products tending to an OTX profile suggest that channel management has already made inroads into pharma sales, accounting for nearly 20% of sales forces, second only to traditional sales force. Geography also emerges as one of the key determinants of sales model adoption, which shows that companies are also looking at realigning their sales model around the varied need of various geographies. An industry executive contacted by OPPI-IMS said A new BU was created in our company to tap the opportunity in the lower town classes.The BU contribution to the boilers suit business is close to 20%. Another executive said, Emerging and untapped business in the Class 3 or 4 towns and rural sector impart impact the succeeding(a) selling model, thus Figure 5 Key pull ins and challenges with various sales structures acknowledging the seriousness around rural consumers. MNCs like Novartis, Sanofi-Aventis, Pfizer are actively expanding to Tier IV cities and below, creating profitable business models around rural geographies. Extra-urban geographies regard different sales models in addition to a different strategy in terms of portfolio, distribution, scathe and promotion.It has also been observed that many companies have adopted a multi-pronged commercial model to target specific needs of the various customer sets. One of the industry executives said, We adopted multiple strategies, like divisionaliza tion in different therapy segment to bring better focus on field implementation, creation of channel management to manage late life cycle brands, launch of an extra urban division to increase reach, and launch of super specialty division like Derma & Cardio. front studies from IMSCG suggest that this is not an isolated case, but is now a common practice followed by both Indian and MNC players. No one model fits all. As seen in Fig. 5 below, different models have their share of benefits and challenges innovative sales structures increase customer focus, but with additional investment. Hence, one needs to study financial feasibility of a adopting a new commercial model. While a few companies have started to reassess their selling model, many players still rely on traditional promotional channels, where doctor coverage, call frequency, and working ays still define the KPIs for the sales force. Benefits Account management Channel management hospital management task force structure Cso high Customer focus Customer management Wider reach and frecuency helpful in managing large portfolio high focus on capableness hospitals high productivity for speciality business high impact and productivity service to focus customers geographically better reach flexibility in summons & reduces managerial cost Challenges high investment delay in recompensements lower margins resource constraint for the wider reach price war formulary listing for new products scattered geography Cost of operation Compliance and quality of operations tough to coordinate and align Cso to parent company 6 A scalelike look at current models show that these models, though they would have provided an edge to the players, have largely focused around case-by-case stakeholder, primarily doctors. A study by IMSCG shows that decision making power of other stakeholders, including patients, hospitals, payers, and insurance companies, has Figure 6 een on a steady rise in recent years. eme rgent influence of new stakeholders in deciding treatment pathway allow for force the market players to look at newer butt against points with new stakeholders and hence the promotional channels. KPIs for the sales team need to evolve to include these new key stakeholders. International Scenario Media Promotion Influential Influential Indian Scenario Doctors Media Promotion Doctors tolerant Groups Payors Consumers distribution channels Distribution channels Existing Consumers Insurance Patient Groups New Weak Existing NewMoreover, there are fundamental differences in stakeholder evolution between Western and Indian markets, which to an extent explains the difference between commercial models in the West and in India. While doctors are still the center of health care in India, the West has seen an emergence of consumers, payers, private insurance and patient groups as strong stakeholders in health care management. With Westernization of the Indian healthcare market, newer stakeho lders are likely to gain more importance, and thus pull up stakes be the need for newer ways and means of targeting them.Leading MNCs like Sanofi-Aventis, Roche, Lilly, MSD, and GSK have already started engaging newer stakeholders (patients) to maintain their leadership in the market. Awareness campaigns, as adopted by MSD for Gardasil or by GSK for its vaccine portfolio or by Sanofi-Aventis for its top end brands have helped route the patients to their products. Weak 7 emerging trends in the heAlthC ar system OPPI-IMSCG has identified six key trends in healthcare which are likely to influence the way pharma companies adopt their sales models in the adjacent decade.These trends ordain see emergence of new stakeholders and promotional channels, that no company may afford to ignore, impacting future commercial models. These key trends are 1. pAtients increasingly BeComing strong stAKeholders Increasing education, awareness, and income have prompted patients to actively seek a healt hy life-style. Patients have emerged as stronger stakeholders in the overall treatment chain, commanding what they want, at the price they want, where they want and by whom. Demand for preventive treatment, rather than curative, is increasingly becoming prominent amongst patients.Vaccination is a case in study, where companies like GSK and MSD have targeted primarily the end-user to ramp up patient acquisition. Increasing use of health check-up packages, awareness creation through media promotion, and authorities initiatives in rural healthcare impart only lead to further strengthening of patients as key stakeholders in the healthcare system. Engages patients by providing work at their home for products like Arava and Actonel engages patients by providing run Program is called as SPARSH Typical is called as spArsh program work include Counseling Diagnostic tests t their home for products like Arava Typical services include and Actonel Counseling Delivery of starter kits typical Insurance Medicalservices include Exercising equipments Counseling Physiotherapy sessions cant overy starter kits Diagnostic Tests medical insurance Personalized visit exercising equipments Emergency help typical services include call center Query handling via Counseling diagnostic tests Patient doesnt has to pay anything Query handling via call center extra patient doesnt has to pay anything extra Doctors are reported about the status of the diagnostic tests patients personalized visit physiotherapy sessions doesnt has to Patient emergency help pay anything extra doctors are reported about the status of the patients patient doesnt has to pay anything extra MNCs have been actively engaging customers by providing disease management services to retail patients taking their products. Counseling, physiotherapy sessions, and diagnostic tests are all services being provided to patients. Patient reach programs will require different set ups and servicing t eams with specific skill sets.A leading MNC vaccine player reaches out to their patients through an SMS reminder service. An industry executive mentioned use of call centers for chronic disease management as a possibility. Thus, implementation of patient engagement programs will require adoption of different sales and service models, and hence newer capabilities by market players 2. emergenCe of neW heAlthCAre delivery ChAnnels The hospital segment is potently emerging in the Indian healthcare sector. Private and corporate hospitals have grown at a 15-20% on YOY basis, and the trend is expected to continue for the next 5 years as well.Penetration in Tier II cities and medical tourism will further boost growth of corporate hospitals. The upcoming increase in number of corporate hospitals will result in a structure where players will not only require a hospital sales force, but also the key account managers to handle relationships with wider set of stakeholders like purchase managers , administrative staff, and nursing staff. Most of the companies surveyed by IMS either already have a hospital division, or are planning to have one in next 2-3 years. 8 3.UptAKe of generiCs By government hospitAl seCtor Mandated prescribing of generics by government hospitals is expected to strongly impact the sales of branded drugs in the long run. Mandated generics prescription in the West has already led to emergence of new sales model aimed at generics promotion. Though IMSCG does not see this trend impacting India much in next 5 years, over next decade or so it will be interesting to see what new commercial models pharma players adopt. Pharma companies may also need to engage aggressively with government bodies like pricing authorities, or approval committees. . groWing otC seCtor Use of media in driving brand promotion and reaching out to plurality has opened up a new avenue for Pharma players to grow beyond traditional channels. Revital, Gelusil, Liv 52, Volini, No Marks, Crocin are the classic case studies, where pharma players expanded their reach through newer promotional channels like media promotion or in-store branding. Because OTC implies reaching out to patients and consumers without doctor intervention, it necessitates focusing attention on pharmacies directly, developing new distribution models, pricing and consumer targeting.Healthcare FMCG companies like GSKCH, Nestle and Britannia have a dedicated medical detailing field force meeting doctors and nutritionists to promote their brand too. Emergence of OTC is further expected to catch-up in next 5-10 years, with many more companies eyeing to acquire a broader patient base through multi-channel marketing. Hence, pharmacos need to adopt a different model for targeting customers 5. orgAnized retAil phArmACy ChAins Increasing spread of organized pharmacy chains like Apollo, defender and 98. 4, will make pharma players think about managing the growing power of newer distribution channels.Accor ding to industry estimates, organized retail pharmacy chains already account for nearly 5% of pharma sales in India, and their share is increasing year on year. These chains cannot be ignored any longer. Over a period of time, the division of organized players may evolve from mere distribution of drugs to managing patients health. Pharma companies may need to think about how to engage with these chains to deliver more and more services to their patients. With increasing share of sales, the demand for further discounting by these chains is not far away.Not only will these pharmacies demand price discounting, they will impact the way the supply chain is currently structured. With media promotion driving the customer pull, merchandising will take a bigger role in overall sales promotion at these pharmacies. Thus, the association between pharmacos and these chains needs to grow in a manner that both parties benefit from the inter-play. 6. rise of heAlth insUrAnCe Increasing penetration of health insurance will increase power of insurance companies to decide inclusion or animadversion of drugs in re-imbursement list.It is expected that the total population covered under health insurance will increase from 2. 3% in 2007 to 20% by 2015. The possibile emergence of a drug re-imbursement list by Indian insurance companies cannot be ruled out, which may eventually lead to dictating the business terms by insurance companies to pharma players. Companies like ICICI Lombard are now eyeing to launch disease specific insurance covering cost of medications as well. One such policy, called Diabetes Care, is already in the market. 9Including insurance companies as a key stakeholder in ers, while another mentioned Sales force will have to Pharma commercial model products will increasingly manage end customer connect besides marketing brands become crucial. to doctors. Another executive feels patients will gain more importance in future, saying, Most companies will Each of the ab ove trends will impact the pharma sales have focused approach and work to screens better customer model in their own way, paving the way for new com- service leading to patient benefit. OPPI-IMSCG feels mercial models in the pharmaceutical industry. Industry that as the momentum of evolution of these trends attain also seems to acknowledge these trends as one industry pace, so will the evolution of pharma commercial models executive stated, Sales structures will evolve to manage in the next decade. With these changes, the industry has new channels like corporate hospitals or modern format witnessed an emergence of the concept of SFE Sales retail. Government policies, payers and healthcare pro- Force Excellence. iders will influence the sales models of pharma play- are bad looking to have a dedicated team for rural markets. Each of these models distinctly points towards targeted approach to new stakeholders, though its too early to predict the nuances of each of the models. The r ole of existing resources will also evolve from Ismycurrentsalesmodelsustainableinthefuture? mere touch points with customers to engaging final Ismycurrentsalesmodeloptimalforfuturemarket consumers and managing the health of the patients. cenario? One industry executive points out, Pharma sales HowshouldIevolveandadapttothesechanges? structure will slowly move towards a more scientific dialogue between the sales force and the doctor. This Answers are not easy to come by, but a few compa- would require highly trained MRs with right(a) ability nies will lead the way. According to the OPPI-IMSCG to engage doctors more effectively. study, key players in the industry believe that adaptation of current sales model will be a must for survival.This question will be even more pertinent going forWith the emergence of innovative sales models like ward especially keeping in mind how difficult it is getkey account management, hospital task force, channel ting to find good talent in the market and how to make management, therapy specialist, and media promotion, existing talent more effective and productive through it is clear where sales models are heading. Companies skill-set enhancement. AdApting neW CommerCiAl models Emerging trends in healthcare delivery will force the pharma players to re-think about their go-to-market strategy.Some key questions to ask are Figure 7 yesterday sales representative roles fairly alike(p) reach and frequency paradigm share of voice sf main promotional channel molecular targeting individual incentives technology used by innovators sfe locomote peculiar empirical decision making today/tomorrow different roles (KAm, relationships rep, sample dropper and power rep) relationship paradigm share of relationship mC2 = multi-client/multi-channel Atomistic targeting team incentives effective use of technology sfe function contributing to roi evidence-based decision making 0 The OPPI-IMSCG study predicts the gradual shift of the traditional appr oach of meeting the customer, to future approach of relationship building and engaging with customers. Much will change. Managing the patients together is perceived to be the key to success. Delinking the role of sales force from stockist management will help sales teams to focus exclusively on customers. Engaging multiple stakeholders through multi-channel promotion and touch-points will be the crucial.Segmenting the customers, from current Potential-Support Model to more evolved models like Behavioral Segmentation will provide the cutting edge to the players. e-detailing, e-seminars, e-doctor meetings, and online awareness campaigns will drive the patient flow to the healthcare system. Thus, KPIs for the sales forces may evolve as well. ing in-depth analytics so as to lead to scientific decision making from coordinating sales force activities to managing ROI through informed decision making with an end objective of improving efficiencies of existing systems.As one executive said, There will be a concerted focus on SFE. Analytics will take over an important role in deciding sales force size and predicting sales forecast. Measures of success will shift from PRPM model to carry-over models, thus, each incremental sales rep being added to sales force will have its own justification. With eroding product differentiation the sales and marketing capabilities will be the key differentiator. The Indian pharma industry will need to develop sales force competency and elements of SFE will take the driving seat.The reward systems will incorporate balance of sales achievement Industry experts also predict that evolving and harvesting with equal emphasis in effort parameters. newer touch points with patients will be a key to success. Study of patient flows in healthcare is likely to gain Considering that the largest resource allocation in comimportance. Not only will patient flow study impact the panies takes place on sales teams, it becomes important sales model, it will also impact the portfolio choice for the that SFE as a function be evaluated ore seriously. In players. An industry executive pointed out,Key Account order to institutionalize the discipline of SFE, companies Management will have increasing importance for MNCs will need to build capabilities for an enterprise-wide SFE with pipeline of patented products and strategic partner- setup which will be actively engaged in enabling investing initiative will also impact sales models. ments into innovative and hybrid sales models or demand generation models.To do this successfully and build a Within the last 5 to 6 years, companies have also created better business case for the same, companies will need a dedicated SFE function, with the purpose of improv- to closely examine how investments are channelized into ing the productivity of the sales forces. The role of SFE is each of the various initiatives balancing financial rigour expected to evolve strongly over the next 5 years, involv- wit h overall implementability. Figure 8 Smaller field forces removal of mirrored field forces Right sizing each rep seeing 30-40 doctors more oftenAccount based selling managing groups of prescribers based on % effort and not reach & frequency Key Account Mgt relationship rep can call in specialized personnel as needed Prescriber Knowledge opportunity Accessibility responsiveness the sales model of Today Organizational Models therapy focused team based outsourcing specialist Key Account mgt. new bonus and compensation models patient flow local guidelines/Bodies influence to diagnose & prescribe the sales model of The Future Portfolio Treatment Pathways & InfluenceMNCs are expected to lead the change and that trend of micro-targeting has already begun. Companies like MSD, Sanofi-Aventis, and Roche have shown that value, and not cost, drives the healthcare choice. Januvia, (though much lesser than transnational price) is priced much higher and entered tardily in the market, has a lready clocked sales of Rs 100 crs. Thus, its well said by a pharma executive The way of marketing differentiated products, depending on their life cycle stage, will be of utmost importance.Newer ways of promotion too will have to be considered. 11 Conclusion Declining effectiveness of current sales models will only lead to emergence of newer approaches in pharma selling. Though the approaches will vary vastly from company to company, the trend has already started. Pharmaceutical players should seriously start evaluating their options and envisage how their sales models should evolve in the next 10 years to maintain their competitive edge. Where doesthefuturelie? IsKAMthesolution,orisittheCSO that will emerge?Willchannelmanagementgainmost importance? Towhatextentshouldmarketcoveragebe increased? How would one need to balance this with costeffectiveness? Theanswerswillemergeonlywiththe time, but with market maturing, patients actively seeking healthcare, and newer stakeholders emerg ing, another round of adaptation in pharma sales model is inevitable. No single business model may suffice in future. The future will belong to hybrid business models, with different structures co-existing together.We would like to acknowledge the contributions of the following OPPI SFE Committee Members Mr. Rajan Tejuja, Chairman, OPPI SFE Committee and prexy & Executive Director, Johnson & Johnson Ltd. Mr. Vinay Gokhale,Vice Chairman, OPPI SFE Committee and Sales Training & Development Manager, Abbott India Ltd. Mr. Sekar Sabapathy, Member, OPPI SFE Committee and Senior Director Cardiology & Hospital BU, Aventis Pharma Ltd. (Group Sanofi Aventis). Mr. Biplab Chatterjee, Member, OPPI SFE Committee and Vice President Sales, Solvay Pharma India Ltd.Mr. Partha Ghosh, Member, OPPI SFE Committee and Director, Commercial, Pfizer Ltd. Mr. Vivek Padgaonkar, Director, OPPI. ABoUt ims ConsUlting groUp inflUenCing the fUtUre of gloBAl heAlth IMS Consulting Group (IMSCG) is the pre-eminen t global life sciences consultancy. Distinguished by our sector and client focus, international reach, world-class methodologies and unrivaled talent, we provide clients with Powerful Insights that inform Smarter Decisions. Within IMSCG, we have a bold vision To Influence the Future of Global HealthWho We Are 500+specialistbest-in-classconsultants AdvisingLifeScienceleadersoncriticalbusinessissueswithsingularfocus Cadreofhealth/pharma-relatedbackgroundsandadvanceddegrees Where We Are Combiningglobalreachwithlocalmarketstrength KeyhubsinLondon,NewYork,ShanghaiandTokyo Localexpertsonthegroundinpharmergingmarkets-China,Brazil, India, Russia, Turkey, and more hoW We mAKe the differenCe Maximizingproduct&portfoliovalueineveryphaseofthe pharma lifecycle Deeptherapy-areaandindustryexpertise Passionforlifesciencesandcommitmenttoclients ms ConsUlting groUp IMS HEALTH INFORMATION & CONSULTING SERVICES INDIA PVT. LTD. ICC Chambers, 4th Floor, Saki-Vihar Road, Powai, Mumbai 400 072 India www. imsconsultinggroup. com 12

Aim In Life Essay

I always feel that one needs to know where one is going in life so that when one reaches the place he can move beyond the horizon set for him. That is why it is essential for every person to have some aim in life. This aim gives slew the strength to face obstacles and move the barriers in path to success.Almost every successful human being in history had a dream, which became the driving exponent that took them to the pinnacle of success. The aims of these people were to make the dream a reality. Henry Ford s aim was to make the motor car within the reach of the car park people and today Ford is one of the biggest car manufacturers in the whole world. In Bangladesh, Dr. Yunuss aim to bring credit facility to the poorest people in the country saw the birth of now world famous Grameen Bank I also have an aim in life.My aim is to own a business organization that-opens up opportunities to young people of the country. Helping them to pose established in their own ventures with the rig ht support by training them, service them obtain capital and any other support they may need. I go out try to encourage people to become entrepreneurs and such an organization will go a long way in encouraging people to take up the path of business.To fulfill my aim I want to get a degree in business administration as I feel this will equip me with the right attitude and knowledge. Then I recollect to work in different reputed organizations to orient myself with the structure and workings of companies.I feel that, with the right education and work experience along with the right font of network. I will one day be able to reach my aim in life and then maybe go beyond that towards an dismantle broader horizon.

Paradoxes of Culture and Globalization Essay

Have you ever told someone that you argon not a header reader and you need them to specifically state their needs or what they atomic number 18 wanting? Or the opposite situation where you were able to tell what a someone was going to say even before they even said a word? These examples illustrate differences between low and high context communication carriages. pot name a dominate way they privilege to communicate and cultures define these styles. There are differences in the way high and low-context culture members behave and move with each other.However, there are times and situations where an individual will flex their style based on the situation at hand. In the end, both styles endure be an effective way to communicate in the proper situation or context. A low-context culture is one that is explicit in its communication, orally and in writing. These cultures tend to be dominant individualistic cultures such as white, Anglo-Saxon Ameri gits and Germans. In these cultur es there is a desire to be precise clear near communicating what they mean to ensure that there is a common understanding with other parties.For example in a low context culture, successful projection managers and the teams will be very clear with deadlines and forgoables, such as the 2 page summary report will be due on Tuesday at 1pm. A person that favors a low context culture will appreciate the clarity in goals and expectations. Societies that favor low context communication are also seen as monochronic. These people find comfort in doing one thing at a time, make time commitments, are accustomed to short-run relationships, and stick to plans.An example of a profession that tends to be low-context is engineering. There is a saying that many engineers can easily relate to A place for everything and everything in its place. This saying implies a high need for organization. I have worked on assignments with several engineers that get easily frustrated when details of the proje ct or product limiting mid-stream due to a shift in the marketplace or a customer pass on. The feedback that is given to me from a few of the engineers is that it is difficult to deliver a project on-time when things change.However, without the change, the project whitethorn not achieve its overall goal to satisfy the customers need. This is a prime example of how low-context cultures prefer to be very specific. They favor very clear, specific, and fixed objectives. On the other hand, high context cultures communicate in an implicit manner where members understand the inwardness without direct oral or written communication. Mexico and Japan are examples of high-context cultures. stack in these cultures have a difficult time ref using a direct request or disagreeing with others in public. There is a heightened sense to not embarrass others or to be embarrassed in these cultures. These cultures also are much polychronic. People that are polychronic are flexible with time commitmen ts, are easily distracted, tend to form deep and long relationships, and value relationships over deadlines. Working with high-context cultures can odour very difficult for low-context individuals that are not aware of the difference in styles.Based on my personal experience when dealing with a high-context cultures and individuals, I have had many challenges because I was not aware of the culture difference. The challenges developed because I was not aware that the group may have been avoiding difficult conversations. For example, I cerebration that I had agreement from others in a Mexican factory with clear deadlines and deliverables for a project. Only later to find out that they thought our agreement was more than of a target or a guideline for them to work towards.Deadlines were often missed by weeks even with weekly meetings confirming deliverables and deadlines. Another example using a similar context that I have had is when asking a team member from China and Mexico a que stion such as are we on-schedule or ahead of schedule and getting a reply of yes because its difficult for them to reply with an answer they may feel with disappoint me if the project is empennage schedule. This can prove to be detrimental to a project if its unclear the project is behind schedule.However, a great attribute of high-context teams is their willingness to be flexible. They can also leverage their strong relationships with others to get tasks accomplished effectively. Both high and low context cultures will change their style based on authoritative circumstances and situations. I have personally seen communication styles flexed in contract negotiations. Many contract negotiations that I have been involved in have a final written document that both parties can use to refer back to at later times to understand the original agreement.This document is very explicit in nature and has specifically defined terms and language. This is an example of a low-context form of commu nication that high context cultures use even if it may be more comfortable to go through the negotiations using more high-context communication and strategies such as talking through ideas and feeling the other political party out using social environment situations. On the other hand, an example of low-context individuals using high context tactics may happen is when couples are dating. real few emotions or expectations are communicated explicitly early on in the relationship but yet even low-context individuals can read between the lines slightly another persons feelings or emotions during the courtship phase. Another example of high-context communication that can be used by low-context cultures is the use of silence. This can be a very powerful tactic to encourage others to say more than they might normally say to break the silence or if they are expect you are waiting for more information before responding. Silence can be a negotiators best friend when used appropriately to g ather more information from other side.The Japanese have been known to use silence or length of pauses to communicate messages such as disagreement or rejection of an offer. In summary, high and low context cultures can behave in very different, almost opposite, ways when communicating. However, each can and will use other others style in different situation. The key for effective communication is to understand the others contextual style and be ready to be flexible to change your style as needed. Both low and high-context styles can be used to communicate well and neither is better than the other.

A Geographical Analysis of the Roadmap for Peace in the Middle East

The giganticstanding conflict amidst Israel and nirvana has had rippling effects on the world community. Not only has it devastated a community in some(prenominal) nations, but the war has transc cease globally, as some(prenominal) nations gather allies to their diplomatic defense.The seemingly never ending war has left countless dead, homes destroyed and a hope for a normal life dismayed. In light of this, the fall in put forwards took the initiative of creating a roadmap towards peacefulness for both nations. Designed to create a Palestinian res publica that co-exists with Israel, both nations were handed down a set of conditions in 2002.Though accepted formally in 2003, both nations have fai guide to act upon the roadmap and have thus, once again, left a yearning for peace in the region (Steinberg, 2002). This paper will discuss the long detailed plan of achieving peace in the centre of attention East, relating the geographical and political elements, problems and prosp ects of implementation, and the short and long term consequences of success.The roadmap to peaceOverview on the geographical and political elementsIn July 2000, former US President Bill Clinton, Israeli Prime diplomatic minister Ehud Barak, and Palestinian Authority President Yasser Arafat have initiated the meeting with the agenda to finalize the initial peace agreements signed during the 1993 Declaration of Peace Principles between Israel and Palestine.Sadly, the meeting ended at no point of further agreements unless critical issues on peace pact would be strongly determined (Migdalovitz, 2006). The uncompromising lev successionge to peace negotiations between Israel and Palestine was futile to the peace initiative mediation of the Mitchell Commission and the Paris Summit, wherein the spate of violence were unabated (Steinberg, 2002).Violence intensified which highlighted the March and April 2002 serial bombings that accounted stopping point toll of more than 100 Israelis as a r esult of Palestinian aggression. The US initiative to refocus a new approach to peace negotiation was then attempted by former President George W. Bush sometime in June 2004, mediating the lull of Palestinian aggression against the Israelis (Steinberg, 2002).The initiation of the Plan for Palestinian State has been laid down to outline the peace pact which follows the establishment of the spirit East quartette or peace process outside(a) cooperation in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, consistent with the United Nations peace pact proposal which is being negotiated by the US and other countries in the Middle East and European marrow (Migdalovitz, 2006).Problems and prospects of implementationThe Israeli-Palestinian conflict has long been waged since the 19th century. In which case, it is noteworthy that the peace negotiations in the 21st century can be facilitated by mediating non-Arab countries, like the United States and the stick of European Union through the guiding peace p act proposals of the United Nations.Accordingly, only the leaders in the Middle East could dutifully institute the peace pact, in which the presence of the United States only tries to systematize the outlining of a roadmap for the peace process to be concluded in a short or long term basis (Migdalovitz, 2006).However, the continuing peace process negotiation could meet a sticking point which the roadmap for the peace negotiations can be blurry as a result of the perceived political interests of major countries that get involve in the Middle East Quartet. The critical roles of involvement of major countries must be redefined, focusing on the elemental issues of achieving substantial peace accord between Israel and Palestine (Steinberg, 2002).One more additional impediment in the Middle East Quartet could be the internal establishment of confidence among the negotiators. Of which political interests may not be a dtente or intent to easing the tensions or labored relations between Isra el and Palestine. It may be critically reconsidered that the Arabs accuses the Israelis for being an illegitimate which has been the campaigns of Yasser Arafat to remove 3,000 years of Jewish history in Jerusalem.The abhorrence of the Arabs to Israelis is likewise intricate in the envisioning of independent Arab states, from which Israels foreign relations have indicated bluntness with the European countries, as hostile stance has even contributed by the United Nations Security Councils 2002 Anti-Israel Resolution upon attack in Gaza Strip (Steinberg, 2002). These critical reconsiderations equate a far-reaching disposition that would pave the way for an expedited peace pact and comprise the long-time conflict on top of the negotiating table of the Middle East Quartet.A Geographical Analysis of the Roadmap for Peace in the Middle EastIn the past, geography had been unitary of main issues of conflict in the international community because having larger territories means having mor e wealth and power compared to other countries. In the early days, Spain was one of the main colonizers in our world history.Due to the some territories that they had, Spaniards were considered rich. They have many lands to plant crop, for mining of minerals, and the likes. The competition of who and what territory was a big issue for most of the coercive states in the past. However, the concept of power through geographical location and territory is still present such as the conflict of Israel and Palestine.The conflict of the Israel and Palestine penetrated the international community in the 1990s. The conflict is a part of the widely known Arab-Israeli conflict. Basically, the dispute of Israel and Palestine is concerning land territory.The two states have been claiming the land ever since and both of these state believe that they have authority over that land for many historical, religious and geographical.Currently, the conflict of Israel and Palestine became more personal to both countries. Unlike the past, the entirely conflict was related to the Arab and Israelites but now it is more focused on the territory of the Gaza and the West Bank region which b inns the two conflicting states.Since the time that had passed, many changes had happened in relation to the situation of Israel and Palestine. Different states intervened with the situation and showed interest in the situation.The United States had joyfully included itself as the major key player in the resolution of the conflict. In June 24, 2002 President George W. Bush delivered his talking to and encouraged Israel and Palestine to create peaceful negotiations towards having friendly relations and harmony among each other. In his speech he stated thatWe express our determination to bring an end to the blood shed, suffering and decades of conflict between our peoples to usher in a new era of peace, based on freedom, security, justice, dignity, respect and mutual recognition to propagate a culture of peace and non-violence to confront terrorism and incitement, whether committed by Palestinians or Israelis.In packaging of the goal of two states, Israel and Palestine living side by side in peace and security, we agree to immediately launch good-faith bilateral negotiations in order to conclude a peace treaty, resolving all outstanding issues, including all core issues, without exception, as specified in previous agreements. (Bush, np)President George W. Bush expressed his vehemence towards the great possibilities of the positive relations between Israel and Palestine. HE imply for a program called The Roadmap for Peace in the Middle East that would provide proper counseling to the states to be able to achieve the goal of peace and harmony.He has continuously suggested that there be negotiations. There would be a committee that would specifically address the issues of the states voluminous in the conflict. A joint work plan would be established as well as an overseeing team to monitor the projects.The Roadmap for Peace in the Middle East is a plan formed by the United States shaped to stop the conflict between the Israel and Palestine. The conflict resolution will be led by the Quartet which is composed of the United States, Russia, The European Union and the United Nations .The plan was presented at the Israel Palestinian Authority last April 30, 2003.The US Department of State said, The plan is a performance-based, goal-driven plan, with clear phases, timelines, and benchmarks. It involves reciprocal steps by the two parties in the political, security, economic, and humanitarian fields (Bureau of Public Affairs, np).The concept of the Road map is principally obliging the Palestinian Authority to create democratic reforms and neglect the utilization of terrorism. On the other hand, Israel should support and recognize the materialization of a new Palestine Government including the settlement of the Gaza and West Bank conflict.The assumed out come of t he strategy is the broad resolution of the Israel and Palestine conflict however, the dedication and good-faith efforts by both states are necessary for the implementation of the Road map. Other than the members of the Quartet, other regional Arab leaders will exertion effort to maintain and assist the progression. (Bureau of Public Affairs, np)

Somebody’s Mother Analysis

Somebodys Mother, by Mary Dow Brine, is basic all t agingy slightly somebodys get. The title of this song implies that you will probably be reading about a mother and what she does. When you think of a mother, you think of a fair sex maybe in her thirties with kids who atomic number 18 around age five through nine, and possibly non afraid of anything you throw at her. Thats what is expected of a mother right? The first cardinal lines of this poem imply the physical features of the mother. She is bent with the chill of winters day, meaning that she is probably frail.Then we come across out her feet argon aged and slow, telling us again shes cardinal-time(a) and frail. We also prevail out that shes alone. She is standing near a crossing and waiting to cross, but afraid to do so. No one tries to suspensor her in any sort of way or even looks at her. Its equivalent shes invisible. The next ten lines are about some school male childs who are shoveling reversal and also pa ssing her by as well as some carriages passing in the passageway causing the woman not to cross. Suddenly, one of the schoolboys comes along and helps her cross the alley.The woman is not at all stir by the boy. The boy then goes back to his friends and tells them that if his mother was in need that he hopes they would help her. The last few lines are about the woman praising God about how lovely and physique the boy was to her. This poem has few meanings to it, but they are deep in connotation. When the woman is standing at the cross walk unable to go, and scared that she might rag run over if she does, that represents something in our lives. We need to do something, but there are obstacles in our way.For instance, if someone is searching and searching for a trading and just doesnt get one because of things happening in their life, then they are standing at the cross walk unable to cross. Also, the woman in the poem wants to cross the street, but it might be because she is t oo scared. We all control days where we want to do something but we are too scared. blush if its killing a spider But there are more difficult things, like maybe asking someone to marry you but you just cant find the case. Finally, when the boy comes to help the woman across the street, he symbolizes the help we have in our life.We have bad days, but we get through them based on support and guidance. Even if we are having a bad year, our family, friends and colleagues get us through it. That is what this poem is mainly about, the influence that others have on us to give us a little push and a part hand. The attitude of this poem is sorrowful, joyful, and inspiring. At first, the poem sounds a bit depressing, but when school gets out, you get a little more smart. When the boy comes to help the old woman, he is described as the gayest laddie of all the group.When you read that particular line you today know this boy is bubbly and full of joy. Then when the boy helps the woman a cross the street, you know he is a man of a helpful sort and would do anything to help if someone was in need. This poem starts sad, but then it completely shifts to a joyful and helpful point of view. You read about an old woman at a cross walk unable to cross the street, and how her physical features are truly old. But then, some boys come out of school and you start to get interested.Then u see that one of the boys is the bubbliest one of his troop and you want to know how he fits in with the poem. The poem just shifted from helpless and sad, to hopeful and thankful. Then, the boy reaches out to the woman and wants to help her across the street and that implies a helpful shift. Helpless, sad, and thankful, and hopeful are completely different shifts, but the words are all a part of the poem. The main al-Qaeda of this poem is that if you were the woman standing there alone at the crossing, and people were passing you by, how would you feel?Afraid, worried, or hesitant? These few words describe what the woman is probably going through when people are passing her and not even sharing a glance with her. Shes invisible, and no one cares about her. Another theme is when you are going through tough times, you could always use a helping hand to get through it. The woman was waiting at the crossing and didnt have the nerve to cross the street, because she needed guidance to do so. Everyone needs a helping hand every once in awhile.When the boy came and helped the woman, she wasnt even afraid that a stranger walked up to her and asked her to cross the street And after that, she went home and praised god for that boy who helped her This is something that happens in our lives a good number of times. We are scared to do something and someone helps us through it. The prediction in the title was entirely wrong, but thats what probably popped into some peoples heads The woman is not at all in her thirties, nor did she have kids that were ages five through nine.The woman in the poem would probably be scared if something was thrown at her, like a hard task. But in the end, mothers are still mothers. They have kids who they usually love and would do anything they can to not hurt their children, and thats what the woman in the poem is like. At the end of the day, Somebodys Mother, By Mary Dow Brine is about an old woman who cant find the nerve to cross the street. But when a bubbly boy comes to the rescue, she is neither scared nor worried, and she praises God that the boy is somebodys son with pride and joy.

Evaluation of Teaching and Learning Approaches Essay

Different teaching and training approaches were use during the session according to the requirement of the activities. * For health and prophylactic induction Q&A, writing (Task plane) and lecture methods (more schooling was given) were used. * long suit of the teaching and learning approaches Learners participate in this performance fully and effectively. They told me what they already know and what they dont know yet. By this activity they got more information about fire exits, reception, lady toilets, coffee and the student support centre in the All Saints construction of Worcester College where this session was held. No hazards were found in the class room. * Steps for hike improvement I turn over that teaching profession always has chance of improvement and emendment. In 30mins microteaching session, health and safety concerns can be limited to hazards in class and fire exits. * For Ice breakage activity Q&A (Discussion) and waivers (Writing) methods were used. * Effect iveness of the methods or approaches Learners were stress free and happy to share the information about the breakfast they had in that morning. Learners also determined who had healthiest breakfast regarding highest calories and nutrition. * Steps that can be taken for further improvement The question for ice breaking activity can make better in the sense that it can be more understandably related to the topic of the session. * The teaching and learning approaches for introduction, explanation and calculation of the area PowerPoint, White board, handouts and Q&A (Discussion) methods were used. * Effectiveness of the approaches For introduction of the topic, PowerPoint was used which was precise effective because pupils response was very positive about it. Learners found it very interesting, helpful to understand the topic and they learned more about its implications in ordinary life. * Steps for further improvement One more video could play to explain more the topic in better way . Visual learning aids left their effects for long time. More PowerPoint clips can be used to make session more interesting and more informative. * The teaching and learning approaches for learn by hold Learners were given work sheet to do the practice of what they learnt and to find the area where they have problems and what they have withdraw to learn more? *Effectiveness of the approach Learners took this activity seriously. They tried best to answers all the questions. One learner asked the questions where she found difficult to calculate the area. At the result of this activity, the learners confidence increased and they found their selves better in calculations of area. * Steps for further improvement Some more questions can be added in work sheet for more practice to calculate the area of square, rectangle and triangle. More learning aids like boxes of square, rectangle and triangle fabricate can be used. * The teaching and learning approaches for review of the session Q&A and labor movement sheet (review handout forms) used to review the session. * Effectiveness of the approaches To review the session by Q&A and by using task sheet was very positive to point out the areas of teaching and learning which can be make better, especially learning stuff and nonsense can be made better. In 30mins session the teaching and learning process can be made more effective by making the learning material limited to Calculation of the area of square and rectangle. * Evaluation of the session in regard of individual learners need. In my session no learner had individual needs. So there was no need to make both special arrangements to hold the session.Word count 605

Saving the Rise of Childhood Obesity Kaplan University

Saving the Rise of Childhood Obesity Kristy Zamora Kaplan University College Composition II 02/12/2013 When people think of sensual information in the naturalise arranging, the first thing that interjects to approximation is churlren running and playing. To some, it may be sensed as a mere distraction to school as a entirely, and early(a)s may think of it as a way for children to burn their energy down. Specifically in Milwaukee earthly concern Schools strong-arm education regards to be more than just a class in school it involve to be cognise as a necessity for children and their wellness.Their health is important because of the learn for the advancement in medicine, this epidemic needs to be stopped and the everyplaceall afterlife of people. Today superstar in three Ameri basis kids and teens is heavy(p) or fat nearly triple the rate in 1963. (Ameri rouse purport Association 2012) This is an outstanding statistic that brush offister entirely be inter flip -flopd starting with the school system and somatogenic education. Kids spend just about 35 hours a week at school reservation up around of their day and how conviction is spent. (MPS 2012) How they spend it in Physical upbringing class is what matters just about in this have it away concerning many Milwaukee County citizens.The purpose rather than main point of this is that there is an absolute need for revision, non only for children in todays society solely the future day as well. It is in the publics best interest to have this issue changed, non over seeed. To do this, the Milwaukee Public School system needs to heighten its somatogenetic education program and give the children what they need most a healthier mental capacity on life. What actually needs to be looked at is the rudiments of physical education and how it cease be a positive influence in childrens lives. It is not about how well the child can play the sport or how athletic one is over an anformer( a)(prenominal).Let the children k immediately that it is okay to not be the best at something and line the children moving. What is important is the physical suppleness and keeping up a quiet heart rate in order to materialise upon burned calories, and which is what the needs out of physical education. A physical education class only helps if the child is completely active within that self-coloured time frame. Physical education teachers need to be more involved rather than just qualifying a child for showing up for class. Motivate the students to run and play hard to get them as active as possible.Even if the child isnt the best at a sport the teachers shouldnt let that be a cloud judgment on the child. It should be a system that pushes the child into wanting to behave and have fun while doing it. There should be some genteelness that physical educators piddle on how to be better with children who arnt active and classes on how to get children more involved. It is clear that children be not acquire enough physical activity The real only physical activity some kids go through is in school, if that. (David Ludwig, MD, PhD webmd 2012) Kids atomic number 18 no longer as active outside or pull down in extracurricular activities in school. The American Heart Association recommends at least sixty proceedings of adjudge to vigorous physical activity every day. (American Heart Association 2012) The evidence of lack of physical activity in our children is pretty simplistic and the thing people may over look when it comes to children being overweight or obese is high encounter factor the child is in and the diseases they are at risk for. The diseases that are on the rise in our children today, which can be associate to obesity, include except are not limited to coronary artery disease, increase risk of stroke, high blood pressure, and late diabetes.Statistics on obesity of adolescents in Milwaukee is 17. 7 percent, and in the whole state of Wis consin the parting is 11. 1. The numbers for children in Wisconsin are 16. 5 percent that are overweight and 14. 4 are obese. These children are at risk to developing serious medical conditions including physiological worrys. The main and most commonly k instantern disease is, Juvenile geek two diabetes. This is caused from overweight and in-active children.Which can lead to heart disease and co-morbidities Children with type 2 diabetes also are at risk for the long-term complications of diabetes and the co-morbidities associated with insulin resistance (lipid abnormalities and hypertension). (CDC 2011) Children are supposed to be safe, educated and cared for in schools. The national diabetes education program ensures that every student is made sure to survive with their diabetes. (NDEP 2012) NDEPs Guide for School Personnel educates and informs school personnel about diabetes, how it is managed, and how each member of the school staff can help meet the eeds of students with th e disease. (NDEP 2012) Every obese and overweight child have a higher chance of getting type two diabetes. These children need to have pr unconstipatedtable measures taken, so they male parentt develop diabetes. Schools need to focus on health problems the same as any other type of disease or problem the child may have. Psychological problems are also linked with obesity in children. Obese kids are more likely to have social and psychological problems, such(prenominal) as depression, which in yield makes them have poor self-image leading to bullying other kids, and even suicide.Emotional problems in obese kids is one of the most painful things to experience. Getting made fun of in school on with being alienated by other children causes these obese children to live a sedentary lifestyle. Meaning they olfactory property out of place and withdrawn from everything, making their life growing up very hard. These high risk disease and emotional complications attri justed to children be ing overweight and obese should motivate Milwaukee Public School System to change the way physical education is run. If parents would take the chance to speak with one another things could really come unitedly and change ordain become of this.Changing now is better than never and this change can be unplowed within the school system, changing the future. Children have a need to live as rubicund as possible. Being overweight or obese, can be prevented by helping kids stay active, in turn changing their present and future health. Looking at the long-term consequences, overweight adolescents have a 70 percent chance of becoming overweight or obese adults. (Department Health Human work 2011) These statistics are outrageous and it can be decreased dramatically if Milwaukee Public Schools heighten its physical education classes.If physical education can change, the result will carry through all of the aspects of a childs life. Obesity and disease statistics will be brought down as wel l as health rates passage up for children. There has to be a way out of this problematic situation, but everyone has to help. With Wisconsin being one of the top Fattest states, the changes start here with Milwaukee Public School System with the hopes of helping other school systems around Wisconsin. There is a chance that other schools systems see Milwaukee Public Schools changing and making this effort to change childrens lives, thence they will want to do it as well.This will change the high statistics of overweight, obesity, and diseases in juveniles linked to childhood obesity in Wisconsin. The future depends on children and if the population of overweight and obese children stay at the rate theyre going, it will only increase/ These children are the future and physical education needs to be changed in hopes of making their lives better. A difference made now is a difference forever and these new terms of physical education can be passed on for years and years to come. The bes t way this can be established is within the schools.This solution can change overweight and obesity statistics of children, so they can live a healthier life, in turn making our future better in many ways. When people think of Physical Education in the school system the first thing that comes to mind is children running and playing. To some it may be perceived as a mere distraction to school as a whole, and others may think of it as a way for children to burn their energy down. The thing about Physical Education is that it needs to be more than just a class in school it needs to be known as a necessity for children and their health. Today one in three American kids and teens is overweight or obese nearly triple the rate in 1963. (American Heart Association 2012) This is an outstanding statistic that can only be changed starting with the school system and physical education. Kids spend about 35 hours a week at school making up most of their day and how time is spent. How they spend it in Physical Education class is what matters most in this issue concerning many Milwaukee County citizens. The main point of this is that there is an absolute need for change not only for children in todays society but the future as well.A way that this can be changed and not over looked, is in the publics best interest, Milwaukee Public School System needs to heighten its physical education program and give the children what they need most out of this, which is a healthier outlook on life. What really needs to be looked at is the fundamentals of physical education and how it can be a positive influence in childrens lives. It is not about how good the child can play the sport or how athletic one is over the other. Let the children know that it is okay to not be the best at something and get the children moving.It is more of the physical activeness and keeping up a steady heart rate in order to achieve calories being burned and the child getting what he or she needs out of physical education. A physical education class would only help if the child is completely active within that whole time frame. Physical education teachers need to be more involved rather than just passing a child for showing up for class. Motivate the students to run and play hard getting them as active as possible. Even if the child isnt the best at a sport the teachers shouldnt let that be a cloud judgment on that child.It should be more of a system that pushes the child into wanting to exercise and have fun while doing it. There could be some training that physical educators take in how to be better with children who arent active and even classes on how to get children more involved. The evidence of lack of physical activity in our children is pretty simplistic. The real only physical activity some kids go through is in school, if that. (David Ludwig, MD, PhD webmd 2012) The thing people may over look when it comes to children being overweight or obese is the disease and high risk facto r the child is in.The diseases that are on the rise in our children today, which can be linked to obesity, include but are not limited to coronary artery disease, increase risk of stroke, high blood pressure, and juvenile diabetes. Psychological effect also affect children such as depression, low self-esteem and negative body image. (PubMd 2011) Kids are no longer as active outside or even in extracurricular activities in school. The link with not having physical activity in childrens lives doesnt only affect their weight but also increases the disease aspect of their lives. The American Heart Association recommends at least sixty minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity every day. (American Heart Association 2012) If this problem can be taken care of earlier in the childs life there would be no need for medication or high risk diets. These diseases and problems having to deal with overweightness and obesity should be a baulk for Milwaukee Public School System and the way physical education is ran. This should want to make a change and instill this within the school system.Changing now is better than never and this change can be kept within the school system then changing the future. If this can change a stria can and will change. These statistics will be brought down as well as health rates going up for children. There has to be a way out of this rut and everyone as a whole can help. Wisconsin being one of the top Fattest states and growing, the changes can start here with Milwaukee Public School System with the hopes of helping other school systems around Wisconsin.It can be a domino effect if other schools systems see Milwaukee Public School System changing and making this effort to change childrens lives then others will want to do it as well. This will definitely change the overall statistics of this state. Change can only make the people stand up and want to make a difference in childrens lives, and these children are the future and this n eeds to be changed in hopes of making life better for them. The future of our kids becoming healthier and developing more physical activeness is something that needs to change.A difference made now is a difference forever and these new terms of Physical Education can be passed on for years and years to come. The best way this can be established is within the schools. Hopefully this problem solver can change these high statistics of kids becoming overweight or obese so they can live a healthy life in turn making our future better in many ways. Office of the Mayor 200 E. Wells Street City Hall Rm. 201 Milwaukee, WI 53202 Mayor turkey cock Barrett, As a citizen of the state of Wisconsin there is a big concern as far as the numbers in obesity rising among children.Currently in Milwaukee, there can be better efforts in school systems as well as educating the public on the importance of keep their children at a good and healthy weight. By keeping the public more informed on ways How to, so to speak, keep their children healthy and active we could change these statistics of Wisconsin. In Wisconsin alone, according to the Department of Health and Human Services, 29% of children ages 2 through 4 in the state are overweight or obese. One in four Wisconsin high school students are considered overweight. The obese rates children ages two to four is 13. % and the overweight is 16. 1% SFTA (2012) An idea that should be roll in place is the absolute need for children to stay active. We need to change how schools teach physical education. The American Heart Association recommends at least sixty minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity every day. (American Heart Association 2012) We need to get our future physically active. We can make change for them along with our future generations. I know that budget cuts are put in place especially for school funding but why cut out physical education?It is a necessity for children to stay fit and active because they have a le sser chance of developing life threatening diseases such as heart disease or diabetes. Lastly, what needs to be done is thoroughly educating parents on healthier eating habits, not using the television as a mere babysitter, getting active with their children and cutting back on sugary fares. There are studies that show, children from the ages nine to sixteen, sugar makes up about thirteen percent of their diet, when the factual amount of sugar in a childs diet should only be about ten percent. American Heart Association Overweight Children 2012) Also educating them on what high risk diseases come from being overweight. There are many ways to improve our childrens eating habits as well as getting more physical activity throughout the day. The only way this change can occur is the willingness of parents, school systems and society. Please take this into consideration and help out our community. Respectfully, Kristy Zamora Reflection Piece What I learned about myself as a writer is th at my ideas seem great but to actually get them down on paper and stringing them together is a lot harder than it seems.Myself as a thinker is that my ideas are sort of jumpy and sporadic. I tense up and think of ways to be a better thinker and not just throw a bunch of ideas together. What I learned about the writing process is that it takes more than one draft and even more than one outline. In order to achieve and write a great paper it really does take a lot of practice. It is hard to put ideas together and be clearer of what Im nerve-wracking to say in my papers. The skills I attained from College Composition II are writing better in APA format and making an outline for every paper.APA format will help me because I will be attending college for three more years and that is what my papers will have to be in. Outlines I will use the rest of my college career because that is the beginning and start of every paper I will write. What I learned from my peers is that everyone is dif ferent, in learning styles and techniques to writing papers. What works for one may not work for another. I sort of fused together a couple peoples ideas with writing an outline and getting the paper together and it seems to work for me. My instructor had the most valuable feedback.My classmates didnt really have practically to say about my style of writing and also didnt have much to say about revising and editing my paper. They gave me feedback on my pamphlet but the only thing they talked about was color in it. Some said keep the colors and some said keep the colors the same. So I had mixed reviews on that part. My instructor had a good way of explaining that my paper needed a lot of work. Not only by editing the grammatical errors, comma splice, sentence fragments and correcting paragraphs that didnt make sense. I tried my hardest to fix may paper and get the point across of my big idea. References Alliance for a Healthier Generation Combating Childhood Obesity by creating Heal thy Schools, empowering youth leaders, healthcare, healthier school food and beverages. Alliance for a Healthier Generation Combating Childhood Obesity by creating Healthy Schools, empowering youth leaders, healthcare, healthier school food and beverages. N. p. , n. d. Web. 28 Dec. 2012 Discipline. bloody shame Ann Liebert, Inc. publishers. Leading innovation and advancement in science, technology and medicine. Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. publishers Leading innovation and advancement in science, technology and medicine. N. p. , n. d. Web. 6 Jan. 2013 . Childhood Obesity Awareness calendar month Healthier Kids Brighter Futures. Childhood Obesity Awareness Month Healthier Kids Brighter Futures. N. p. , n. d. Web. 27 Dec. 2012.